MICROCONTROLLERS

A microcontroller is a single chip. It is the integration of CPU with memory and input/output interfaces (ports) and peripherals such as timer on a single chip. As shown in figure-

Classification of microcontroller

a) Semi-conductor technology adopted in their design

b) Width of data format

c) Instruction set

d) Data type they can handle.

Semiconductor technology adopted

I. Transistor-transistor logic (TTL)

II. complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

III. Emitter coupled logic (ECL)

Width of data format

As the name suggest, in this type is design as per data transfer. Such as 4bit, 8bit, 16bit and 32bit microcontroller.

Instruction set

Microcontrollers are two types based on instruction set:-

I. CISC - complex instruction set computing.

II. RISC- reduced instruction set computing.

CISC microcontroller are slower compared to RISC microcontroller but are easier to program.

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