ROBOTICS
Introduction
Robot is an automatically controlled
material handling unit that is widely used in the manufacturing industry robots
are generally used for high volume production.
The term robot was derived from Czech
language in 1920 which means forced labour. the official definition for the
robot was given by robot institute
of America
Definition
An industrial robot is a reprogrammable,
multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tool (or) special
devices through a variable programmed motions for the performance of variety of
tasks.
A manipulator is mechanical element that
consist of series of joints and links.
Science fiction has contributed lot in the
development of robots.
Mid 1700's - human sized mechanized dolls
were developed.
Mid 1800's - mechanical dolls were able to
play music.
1952
- First NC machine was
developed.
1953
- A British scientist C.W.
Kenward has developed a manipulator that can
Move in X-Y-Z directions.
First patent was issued.
1959 - First commercial robot was developed by MIT that was controlled by
cams.
1961 - Unimation inc. developed a
robot called "UNIMATE" for unloading a die
casting machine in general motor company
plant, new jersey
unimate was
hydraulically
driven.
1971 - Stanford arm, a first electrically driven robotic arm was
developed by
1978 - PUMA: programmable universal machine for assembly was developed by
UNIMATE.
1979 - SCARA: selective compliance articulated robot arm was developed by
Japan
University.
1982 - IBM has developed a robot RS-1 for assembly and also developed a
robot
programming language.
ROBOT DRIVE SYSTEMS
The drive system
provides the necessary force or torque to the joints which in turn drives the
link to produce necessary movements.
Based on these
source of power the actuators are classified as three types
1.
Pneumatic drive system
2.
Hydraulic drive system
3.
Electrical derive system.
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